Impact of family structure on the health of the elderly

Abstract

Objective: To analyze in the scientific literature how family structure influences the physical, mental, and social health of the elderly, considering aspects related to emotional support, daily care, and family relationships. Method: This is a narrative bibliographic review. Data collection occurred between January and March 2025. The selection of studies was carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, using the following descriptors indexed in DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors): aged, family, social support network, health of the elderly, and quality of life. Results: The quality of intra-family relationships, characterized by open communication, affectivity, cohesion, and emotional support, acts as a strong protective factor against the development of mental disorders, stress, and risky behaviors (such as substance use). On the other hand, high levels of conflict, rigidity, or family neglect are significantly associated with psychosocial vulnerabilities. Family structure directly influences lifestyle, including eating habits, physical exercise, and adherence to preventive health behaviors, impacting the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. The family environment is primarily responsible for primary socialization, transmitting values, norms, and a sense of belonging. Conclusion: The evidence reinforces the need for public health policies, such as the Family Health Strategy (ESF), to adopt a systemic approach, considering family dynamics and structure as a central point for the promotion of integral well-being.